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Multi-Party Computation

MPC

MPC (Multi-Party Computation) is a cryptographic technique that allows multiple participants to jointly compute the result of a function without exposing their respective private data. MPC has broad applications in privacy protection, distributed systems, and secure computation, enabling secure collaborative computation in untrusted environments.

In an MPC system, there are multiple participants (parties), each holding their own private data. Participants can communicate and compute through secure protocols without directly sharing their private data. The goal of MPC is to compute the output of a public function that takes all participants' private input data and produces a result.

The security of MPC is reflected in several aspects:

  • Confidentiality: Participants' data remains confidential during the computation process; other participants cannot learn the specific content of this data.
  • Correctness: All participants can be confident that the computation result is correct, even if some participants attempt to behave maliciously.
  • Robustness: Even if some participants experience failures or engage in malicious behavior, the computation process can still proceed correctly.